Hydroalcoholic Extraction of Cissus quadrangularis and In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Properties
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66220/vyc7rc95Keywords:
Cissus quadrangularis;, Hydroalcoholic extract;, Phytochemical screening;, Physicochemical analysis;, Antifungal activity;, Fusarium falciforme;Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis is a medicinal plant traditionally recognized for its therapeutic potential, yet its antifungal properties remain underexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics, phytochemical composition, and in vitro antifungal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Cissus quadrangularis. Plant material was subjected to Soxhlet extraction using a hydroalcoholic solvent system (70% ethanol:30% water). Physicochemical evaluation demonstrated that the extract met acceptable quality standards, with slightly acidic pH, low moisture content, and minimal inorganic and siliceous impurities. The absence of foreign organic matter, heavy metals, and pesticide residues confirmed the purity and safety of the plant material. High alcohol- and water-soluble extractive values indicated efficient extraction of phytoconstituents. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and carbohydrates, while proteins were absent, indicating enrichment of low-molecular-weight bioactive compounds. The antifungal potential of the extract was evaluated against Fusarium falciforme using the food poison method. The results demonstrated a concentration-dependent reduction in radial mycelial growth, with partial inhibition observed in extract-treated plates and the highest inhibition recorded at 10% extract concentration. Radial growth measured 6.6 cm (2.5%), 4.8 cm (5%), and 3.1 cm (10%), corresponding to approximately 17.5%, 40.0%, and 53.1% inhibition, respectively, compared with the control. Complete growth inhibition was observed only in the positive control (fluconazole), whereas the solvent control showed no antifungal effect. Overall, the study highlights the phytochemical richness and notable antifungal potential of Cissus quadrangularis as a promising natural source of antifungal agents.
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